University of Basra Organizes a Seminar on the History of Ancient Money:

The College of Administration and Economics, in cooperation with the College of Education for Humanities at the University of Basra, organized a scientific seminar entitled "The History of Ancient Money," which presented the historical trajectory of money's development throughout the ages.

The seminar aimed to highlight the stages that money has undergone, from the barter system and the direct exchange of goods, to the emergence of coins, then Islamic currency, and finally to contemporary digital currencies.

The seminar, presented by Dr. Abu Talib Zayed Khalaf, Dr. Alaa Radhi Falih, and Dr. Nada Khudair Jabr, included a historical overview of the most prominent milestones, beginning with barter and commodity money, passing through the minting of coins in Lydia and the Mesopotamian shekel, and culminating in the Arabization of currency during the reign of Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan.